International policy and regulation shifts
European Union - Battery and End-of-life EV Directive
To target issues surrounding supply chain volatility and climate change, the EU has implemented end-of-life battery requirements including collection and recovery targets, such as doubling the recovery targets for lithium, and doubling the increase in use of recycled materials in future production. Automotive OEMs have also been mandated to accept end-of-life batteries from vehicles owners to incentivise life cycle management by key economic operators. European policymakers have set ambitious recycling collection targets of 70% by 2025 and 80% by 2030.
USA - Policy Momentum in Critical Minerals
The United States is doubling down on domestic critical mineral security and battery supply chain independence. Recent federal initiatives have prioritized permitting reform, public-private investment, and reshoring of key technologies, all of which directly support Licovolt’s commercial roadmap. The U.S. Department of Energy has earmarked over $3 billion for advanced battery materials processing and recycling infrastructure, while new fast-track licensing and strategic stockpiling measures aim to reduce reliance on foreign supply chains. This political and financial support creates a strong runway for technology providers like Licovolt to scale operations and partner with U.S. industry leaders in pCAM production and end-of-life battery recovery.